1 radiator
   heat exchanger

The engine came with Volkswagen’s own Bosch ECU but this was rights protected and inaccessible. Instead, Pectel hardware was used, giving a blank canvas of zeros for Caterpillar to code its engine management strategies.

Photo: Perkins Engines

Taurus removed a 5.0-litre TDI PD V10 from a Volkswagen Touareg, liased with another British firm, Mountune as its engine partner and married it to a Lola B2K/10 chassis. Mountune had already carried out design studies on racing diesels.
The Touareg’s Bosch ECU is rights protected and so Pectel hardware was used enabling Caterpillar to code the engine management strategies.

Combustion system: Ricardo HSDR direct injection diesel

In 1921 Thomas Midgley, Jr. and T.A. Boyd in the United States discovered the effectiveness of tetraethyl lead (TEL) as an
"antiknock additive." The addition of TEL to the fuel reduced the knock, permitted higher compression ratios, and resulted in higher efficiencies.

Anti-Knock Index (AKI) or Pump Octane Number (PON), which is equal to the average of the Research Octane Number and the Motor Octane Number. The octane in the gasoline increases the activation energy needed for auto-ignition of the gasoline. The higher activation energy means less knocking of the engine. 

RON (Research Octane Number) is determined in a single cylinder variable compression ratio engine that operates at 600 rpm with a 65.6 ºC inlet air temperature at standard barometric pressure.
MON (Motor Octane Number) is determined at engine speed of 900 rpm and 148.9 ºC inlet air temperature.

Anti Knock Index (AKI) = (RON+MON)/2
Anti Knock Index (AKI) also referred to as Road Octane Number (RdON) or Pump Octane Number (PON)