In Figure 4 there is shown a preferred embodiment of the invention, in which the induction manifold 41 is a common manifold and is connected, as in the preceding embodiment, to both the compressors of the two turbo-compressor units, whilst the induction duct 42 is a common duct for the first part of its length where the injectors 43 and butterfly valves 44 are positioned, and then splits into two ducts 45 and 46 connected to the induction valves 47 and 48.

An arrangement of this type permits a rational installation of only one turbo-compressor unit, whilst the current tendency, above all in racing engines, is to utilise at least two turbo-compressor units for the purpose of reducing the "response time" and the loss of power at low engine speeds to the minimum.

LS7 - 482 grams (Gen 4 LS7 engine)
482-gram flat top aluminum piston

The high-revving 4.5-liter V8 redesigned pistons increase the Speciale's compression ratio from 12.5:1 to 14.0:1. The efficiency increase it brings is the main reason the engine produces 596 hp, 34 more than the regular 458 Italia's, at the same 9000 rpm.

The shape has been optimized to improve the flame velocity

The pressure in the combustion chamber is increased (+10bar at wide open throttle)

10.5:1

11.5:1 (1980 312 T5)

11.5:1

12.0:1

During the APS process temperatures up to 20.000 "C are obtained, therefor this system is mainly used for refractory materials. Precedent to the coating process a grit blasting and degreasing of the substrate surface is performed.

HVOF equipment for the inside coating of light metal cylinder bores